Critical Area Utiity
Operation Theater (OT)
The OT is the most sensitive zone. NABH focuses on "Air Changes" and "Sterility." HVAC System: Must have HEPA Filters (0.3 microns) to maintain air purity. Air Changes: Minimum 20 air changes per hour (for super-specialty OTs). Pressure: Positive pressure must be maintained to keep outside air from entering. Dedicated AHU: Each OT should ideally have an independent Air Handling Unit (AHU). Medical Gas: Continuous supply of Oxygen, Nitrous Oxide, and Medical Compressed Air with alarms.
Intensive Care Units (ICU/NICU/PICU)
Power Backup: 100% redundant power supply with UPS backup (zero switch-over time) for life-saving equipment like ventilators. Medical Gas Pipeline System (MGPS): Each bed must have dedicated outlets for Oxygen, Vacuum, and Compressed Air. Isolation Rooms: At least one isolation bed with negative pressure (for infectious patients) or positive pressure (for immunocompromised patients). Hand Washing Stations: Hands-free taps (sensor or foot-operated) at the entrance and between bed bays.
Emergency & Trauma Care
Triage Area: Utilities for immediate stabilization. Communication System: Dedicated "Code Blue" or emergency call system. Uninterrupted Oxygen: Centralized supply with a back-up manifold system.
Sterile Supply Department (CSSD)
This is the "backbone" of hospital hygiene. Zoning: Clear physical separation between Dirty, Clean, and Sterile zones. Steam Quality: High-quality dry steam for autoclaves. Water Quality: Use of RO (Reverse Osmosis) water for cleaning instruments to prevent scaling and contamination. Ventilation: Exhaust systems to remove heat and chemical vapors (like ETO).
Dialysis Unit
RO Water Plant: This is the most critical utility. The water must meet AAMI standards (Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation) for purity. Plumbing: Non-corrosive piping (usually UPVC/PEX) to prevent bacterial growth (Biofilm). Utility,Standard Requirement Electricity,Dual power source + DG Set (Auto-start within 10-15 seconds) + UPS. Water Supply,24/7 supply with tested potability and separate tanks for fire-fighting. Medical Gases,"Centralized MGPS with ""Zone Valves"" and ""Alarm Panels"" in nursing stations." Fire Safety,"Smoke detectors, fire sprinklers (pre-action type for OTs), and fire-rated doors." Illumination,Shadowless LED lights in OTs and adequate lux levels for bedside procedures.
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